The Cross-Strait Review兩岸學人:中國大陸12月5日公佈《美國民主情況》報告,被視為與美國接下來的“民主峰會”爭奪“民主”話語權的一場鬥爭,但這種說法反倒印證了“民主”本身只能存在於世界各地對於“民主”不同模式的探索之中。畢竟一枝獨秀不是春,百花齊放春滿園。
當然,美國民主也非一枝獨秀,或許曾經有過,比如華盛頓、林肯、羅斯福時期,那時候的美國的民主是強健的,因為他們敢於直面重大危機和矛盾,善於打破一個舊世界,更善於創造一個新世界,讓美利堅民族不僅構建了強健的政治共同體,還為美國走向世界提供了道義和動能。可惜花無百日好,一個民族的政治民主事業不是始終一帆風順的,也不該是一成不變的。民主管不管用,關鍵看效果,節點在時勢,評判在人心。
《美國民主情況》報告,實際上是對於西方世界內部尤其是美國內部對於美國民主事業的觀察、分析、批判和探索的總結,其中無分民族、階級、族群和地域。整本報告可以說是全世界對於美國民主以“普世價值”自居,卻傷害美國民主自身以及世界民主事業的歷史現象的反思。實際上材料裏都是關心美國民主事業的真誠反思者以及參與其中的建設者,甚至是既得利益者都在大聲疾呼,美國民主出了大問題,需要用求同存異、凝聚共識、直面矛盾、化解危機的“民主”態度來重建美國的民主。
該報告從表面上看,可以說是在批評美國民主,實際上只是在批評那些真正毀滅了美國民主但卻以美國民主自居的醜惡現象和醜惡勢力,最終目的還是為了美國人民普遍公正地享有真正的民主。畢竟現在美國民主的衰敗,最大的特徵就是美國民主失去了吸納批評意見、直面化解矛盾的良性政治互動能力。敗壞美國民主的邪惡勢力,以各種形式盤踞在政界、學界乃至資本層面,成為一個尾大不掉的系統性既得利益群體。以至於美國民主走到今天,已經被異化成一個各種強勢力量把持的“政治黑洞”,一個與民無關的“民主空殼”。
那麼對於美國民主的忠實追隨者臺灣地區而言,為什麼處處以“民主防衛”自居的民進黨方面從未針對美國民主提出建設性的批評意見呢?是不敢、不願,還是不能?報告裏這些良善的反思意見,難道以所謂“亞洲民主燈塔”自居的民進黨方面從來也是充耳不聞、視而不見嗎?難道民進黨所謂的“民主”就是以美國的是非為標準,然後在島內強行複製和建構一遍嗎?難道美國民主出了生死存亡的大問題,臺灣地區也要把這些問題重現一遍嗎?對於民進黨而言,答案是確定的。問題在於,如果以所謂“普遍真理”自居,是否已經從最根本的價值論上來說就是“反民主”的呢?如果以“唯一模式”為傲,那麼是否在所謂“民主化”的過程中已經把“民主”蘊含的包容和創新殺死了呢?
這些問題,任何以民主自居的政黨和政權都應當直視並回答,但是顯然民進黨不會。因為能夠參加所謂“民主峰會”,民進黨已經被美國認證為“民主”了,這些根本問題不需要解決,相反是需要在話語中被“解決掉”的。畢竟但凡多一種行之有效的“民主模式”,都是對以“霸主”自居的美國民主黨和以“模範生”自居的臺灣民進黨的重大挑戰。於是乎美國民主黨政府拿出了最不民主的方法,來壟斷對於民主的定義權。這在行為上已經具備對於“民主”的自反性和自毀性,實在是不高明。但類似民進黨這等只能以“民主小圈子”自居的政黨而言,自己可以不民主,只要美國人認證你是“民主”的就好了,這樣多省事!畢竟服務民眾是個苦差事,但是圖利美國,只要聽話送錢就行了,何況花的是民眾的錢,自己做中間人也是滿手沾油,豈不快哉!
於是答案便出現了,任何反思民主的真誠與探索,構成了民主不斷落地和進化的動力與內容;任何以“民主”自居,拒絕接受其他可能性和多樣性的“模式”,本質上都是在削弱民主自身的潛能和道義。所謂《美國民主情況》報告,上可以說承續托克維爾對於美國民主的考察,下可以成為全世界共同追求各自民主事業的一個契機和一種嘗試。民主註定多元、註定多樣、註定多變,唯一不變的是人類對於美好生活的追求和為之踐行的探索。民主構成了世界歷史的一個維度,註定了民主的世界歷史維度也必然存在,那就是“多元一體”的世界歷史先天地構成了“多樣共在”的民主模式的必然性。於此,整個報告的真意也就顯現出來了。
Why does the DPP not have a report on democracy in the United States?
The Chinese mainland’s report on democracy in the United States today is seen as a struggle for the “democratic” discourse right with the next “democratic summit” in the United States, but this argument confirms that democracy itself can exist only in the exploration of different modes of democracy in the world. After all, a single branch is not spring. A hundred flowers bloom and fill the spring.
Of course, American democracy is not unique. There may have been, such as Washington, Lincoln and Roosevelt period. At that time, American democracy was strong because they dared to face major crises and contradictions, were good at breaking the old world and creating a new world, so that the American nation not only built a strong political community, It also provides moral and kinetic energy for the United States to move towards the world. Unfortunately, a nation’s democratic cause is not always plain sailing, nor should it be invariable. Whether democracy works or not depends on the effect. The node is in the current situation and the judgment is in the hearts of the people.
The report on American democracy is actually a summary of the observation, analysis, criticism and exploration of American democracy in the western world, especially in the United States, regardless of nationality, class, ethnic group and region. The whole report can be said to be the reflection of the world on the historical phenomenon that American democracy regards itself as “universal value”, but hurts American democracy itself and the cause of democracy in the world. In fact, the materials are all sincere introspectives who care about the cause of American democracy, builders who participate in it, and even vested interests are crying out that there are big problems in American democracy, and they need to rebuild American democracy with a “democratic” attitude of seeking common ground while reserving differences, condensing consensus, facing contradictions and resolving crises.
On the surface, the report can be said to be criticizing American democracy. In fact, it is only criticizing the ugly phenomena and ugly forces that have really destroyed American democracy but regard American democracy as their own,the ultimate goal is for the American people to enjoy real democracy in a universal and fair manner. After all, the biggest feature of the decline of American democracy is that American democracy has lost its benign political interaction ability to absorb criticism and face and resolve contradictions. The evil forces that corrupt American democracy, entrenched in politics, academia and even capital in various forms, have become a systematic vested interest group. So far, American democracy has been alienated into a “political black hole” controlled by various strong forces and a “democratic shell” unrelated to the people.
Then, for Taiwan, a loyal follower of American democracy, why has the Democratic Progressive Party, which everywhere regards itself as “democratic defense”, never put forward constructive criticism against American democracy? Are you afraid, unwilling, or unable? Has the Democratic Progressive Party, which regards itself as the so-called “beacon of democracy in Asia”, always turned a deaf ear to and turned a blind eye to these good reflections in the report? Is the so-called “democracy” of the Democratic Progressive Party only based on the right and wrong of which the United States believes in, and then forcibly copied and constructed on the island? Is there a big problem of life and death in American democracy, and should the Taiwan region repeat these problems? For the DPP, the answer is yes. The question is, if someone regards itself as the so-called “universal truth”, is it already “anti democratic” in terms of the most fundamental axiology? If the so called only mode of democracy is arrogant, then in the so-called democratization process, has the tolerance and innovation contained in “democracy” been killed?
Any political party or political power that considers itself a democracy should look directly at and answer these questions, but obviously the DPP will not. Because it can participate in the so-called “democracy summit”, the Democratic Progressive Party has been certified as “democracy” by the United States. These fundamental problems do not need to be solved in reality, but need to be “solved” in words. After all, any more effective “democratic model” is a major challenge to the US Democratic Party, which considers itself a “hegemony” and the Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party, which considers itself a “model student”. Therefore, the democratic-party government of the United States has come up with the most undemocratic method to monopolize the right to define democracy. This already has the reflexivity and self destruction of “democracy” in behavior, which is really not clever. But for political parties like the Democratic Progressive Party, which can only regard themselves belonging to the “small democratic circle”, they can not be democratic at all. As long as Americans certify that DPP are “democratic”, it’s easy! After all, serving the people is a hard job, but if DPP want to benefit the United States, DPP just has to obey and send money. What’s more,it is the people’s money that DPP spends on Americans.Being a middleman means easy to make money. Isn’t it fun!
Therefore, the answer appears. Any sincerity and exploration of rethinking democracy constitutes the driving force and content of democracy’s continuous generating and evolution; Any “model” that regards itself as “democracy only” and refuses to accept other possibilities and diversity is essentially weakening the potential and morality of democracy itself. The so-called “American democracy situation” report can be said to continue Tocqueville’s investigation of American democracy, and can become an opportunity and an attempt for the world to jointly pursue their own democratic cause. Democracy is destined to be pluralistic, diverse and changeable. The only constant is mankind’s pursuit and practice of a better life. Democracy constitutes a dimension of world history, which is destined to exist. That is, the world history of “pluralism and integration” first and foremost constitutes the inevitability of the democratic model of “diversity and coexistence”. Therefore, the true meaning of the whole report has been revealed.
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